Recruitment and selection process Essay

Recruitment is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It is crucial to organisational performance. Recruitment is a critical activity, not just for the HR team but also for line managers who are increasingly involved in the selection process. All those involved in recruitment activities should be equipped with the appropriate knowledge and skills. Before creating business plans or making decisions, it is important to ‘scan’ the external environment. This can be achieved through a PESTLE analysis, i.e. an investigation of the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental influences on a business. In addition it is also important to be aware of the actions of your competitors. These forces are continually in a state of change. Political changes relate to changes in government influence and can have huge significance for companies. Changes in the priorities for public spending or the UK ‘s relationships with other countries can open or close major markets. European Union (EU) regulations can have similar effects while the accession of new members (e.g. Poland) can bring business opportunities. Political changes are closely tied up with legal changes. Laws are continually being updated in a wide range of areas, e.g. consumer protection legislation, environmental legislation, health & safety and employment law, etc. Economic changes are closely related to social ones. The economy goes through a series of fluctuations associated with general booms and slumps in economic activity. In a boom nearly all businesses benefit and in a slump most lose out. Other economic changes that affect business include changes in the interest rate, wage rates, and the rate of inflation (i.e. general level of increase in prices). Businesses will be more encouraged to expand and take risks when economic conditions are right, e.g. low interest rates and rising demand. Social factors relate to pattern of behaviour, tastes, and lifestyles. A major component of this is a change in consumer behaviour resulting from changes in fashions and styles. The age structure of the population also alters over time (currently we have an ageing population). An understanding of social change gives business a better feel for the future market situation. Technological changes have also become particularly significant in the post-millennium world. This is particularly true in the  case of modern communication technologies. The creation of databases and electronic communications have enabled vast quantities of information to be shared and quickly distributed in a modern company enabling vast cost reductions, and often improvements in service. Organisations need to be aware of the latest relevant technologies for their business. The importance of diversity should be taken into account at each stage of the recruitment process. Read more: Essay About  Recruitment and Selection Processes and systems should be regularly reviewed to ensure hidden bias is removed and to ensure talent is not being blocked from entering the organisation. Everyone taking part in activities such as shortlisting and interviewing should be aware of relevant legislation and the importance of avoiding discrimination. Acknowledging and identifying the benefits of a diverse workforce is the first step towards making a positive change. Actively embedding diversity in the recruitment process signals an open and accepting culture. This attracts more applicants and provides a wider range of skills and experiences from which to select the best candidates for the vacancy. By supporting a diverse workforce, employers are laying the foundation for an innovative and more creative working environment, as employees are drawing on a wider range of unique experiences to contribute new ideas and approaches. Role models from a diverse background in senior positions can help retain current employees as well as attracting new candidates. A diverse workforce brings other benefits. The more contact people from different backgrounds have the less prejudice they display, this is known as the Contact Hypothesis Employing people from diverse backgrounds can help alleviate and prevent further reinforcement of stereotypes and create positive reputation for the company. Diversity policies should be incorporated in a business’s core strategy, not only as a duty to comply with the diversity legislation, but also as an integral strategy in developing the business. Diversity policies need to be mainstreamed and made the norm rather than the exception. This prevents them from being restricted to, and associated with, specific groups of people. Acknowledging and identifying the benefits of a diverse workforce is the first step towards making a positive change. Recruitment methods External recruitment is concerned with generating a pool of qualified candidates through external sources of employment. Under it, following  methods of recruitment are adopted. 1. Direct Recruitment Direct recruitment refers to a process of recruiting qualified candidates from external sources by placing a notice of vacancy in an organization’s notice board. 2. Casual Callers This method of recruitment is concerned with using previously applied candidates as a source of recruitment. This method avoids the costs of recruiting people from other sources. 3. Advertising Advertising is one of the most common and popular methods of external recruitment under which the job vacancy is announced through different print and electronic media. 4. Employment Agencies Employment agencies run by private, public or government sectors are regarded as an important source of recruitment for unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled jobs. The agencies are likely to have a list of qualified candidates in their records, and they render their service as per the requirement from other organizations for employment. 5. Schools, Colleges and Universities Most educational institutions provide placement services where the prospective recruiters can review credentials and interview the interested graduates. 6. Labour Contractors Labour contractors are an important source of recruitment under which workers are recruited through contractors. However, this method of recruitment is not used by many business firms and organizations. 7. Recommendations It is closely concerned with employee referrals. Under this method of external recruitment, applicants are introduced by friends and relatives. In fact, many employers, operating at a small-scale operation, prefer to take such persons as they are acquainted with backgrounds and credentials of prospective employees. Selection Methods This section looks at the process of selecting candidates. A variety of methods are available and consideration needs to be given as to which are suitable for a particular post. The methods described here are: Application forms Interview Group selection methods Realistic job previews Portfolio References Assessment centres Other testing Let’s look closely into few of these selection methods Group selection methods When working with other people is an important part of the selection process, it could be useful to consider a group selection method. This could involve asking a group of candidates to carry out a task and observing the ways in which they interact. The task need not be particularly complicated. It could, for instance, involve the group designing and delivering a presentation on the changing nature of the world of work. You could observe the group and look out for the people who seem to demonstrate the sort of qualities that the job requires; those who were verbally skilled, those who showed leadership behaviour, those who mediated when squabbles broke out, etc. It is important to tell people what sort of qualities you are looking for before you start such an exercise, as if you do not give clear goals, some potentially viable candidates may try to second-guess you and demonstrate completely untypical behaviours. Where clear goals exist, candidates may also show untypical behaviours, but this is very difficult to do successfully. Realistic job previews Methods like this are time-consuming and there are serious issues of confidentiality, but if you can screen your shortlist down to two or three candidates, there’s no reason why you shouldn’t bring them in and give them a problem to handle; preferably, it would be a problem that you’ve already dealt with successfully. A benefit with realistic job previews is that they can involve more staff in the selection procedure. People tend to work well with candidates whom they have seen and had some say about. References Written references have some drawbacks; perhaps someone wants rid of an employee – they certainly won’t give a poor reference under those  circumstances! Poor references could also turn out to be libellous, although one of the main problems is that people just don’t know what you’re asking for. The most accurate references may come from face-to-face or telephone interviews with someone who has had direct experience of the candidate’s work. Other methods Perhaps the most popular of the other methods available is psychometric testing, which offers actual tests in areas such as intelligence and personality characteristics. These include Raymond Cattell’s 16 PF Test, which broadly demonstrates candidates’ emotional stability. The Myers Briggs Test is reasonably user-friendly (it’s short) and purports to identify people by personality characteristics such as extrovert v. introvert and thinking vs feeling. Finally, there are selection methods which use samples of candidates’ handwriting (graphology), their star sign (astrology) or which select through palmistry. Little evidence exists to support these as adequate predictors of performance. Activity 2 Part of recruitment process is selection of suitable candidates. Selecting candidates involves two main processes: shortlisting, and assessing applicants to decide who should be made a job offer. It is a crucial stage in the overall recruitment process which is outlined in our recruitment factsheet. It is very important to get it right. ACAS provides a â€Å"how to get it right† some of the points are mentioned below. 1. Prepare a person specification. This should briefly describe the ideal person to fill the job. It is a profile of the personal skills and characteristics to look for in recruitment and selection. By writing a person specification, you can avoid inadvertent discrimination. 2. Review the applications. An application form can help you get the information you need and sift out unsuitable candidates. You can also use it as a basis for the interview. The form should only ask for information that is relevant to the job, During this recruitment applicants were selected based on following criterion on person Specification 1. Qualifications Certificate in Personal Practice 2. Knowledge Working knowledge of HR practices 3. Experience 4. Skills 5. Personal qualities Further details can be found in the Person Specification document attached. Based on the person specification three candidates have been selected and invited to interview however only two attended. 3rd candidate had to withdraw from the process due to personal reasons.

The Australian legal system

The Australian legal system has 2 main sources of law, namely the Parliament-made law and the case law or the common law. The primary source of law in Australia is the Parliament-made laws. As the representatives are elected to the House by the people, statutes and laws can be made keeping in mind the needs of the people. Case laws on the other hand are made by the judges in the courts. Once the court gives its decision, the same would apply for similar circumstances or instances (precedent).The decision would be binding on courts in the future. Another source of law that can be considered in the Australian legal system is the international law that would be applicable in case Australia is a signatory to an international convention, or a bilateral/multilateral agreement (Governments of Australia and South Australia, 2007). Judges are usually, unable to make laws. The law-making capabilities are usually done by the Legislation. The judiciary would be interpreting laws and filling up t he gaps that have been left by the legislation.However, there may be instances in which a strong judiciary can create a new law that may have a strong impact on the society such that it would place the importance of the rule-making authority on the judiciary. Such instances include old, inappropriate and laws that go against human rights. There may be several areas of law such as contract laws, tort laws, negligence, etc, which need to be decided on a case-by-case basis, and develop judicial precedents for future cases. If the statues are so rigid and unclear, then it becomes important for the judge to develop new laws.In some instances common laws may also be difficult to apply. However, there is another school of thought that believes that judge-made laws do not exist, and the statutes would be providing principles upon which case laws which would be developed. Any kind of a judge-made law would be a trespass on the powers of the legislation (Sackeville, 2001). Another reason why judges cannot make laws is that often if a judge creates a law that applies in a particular case, it would apply retrospectively, which destroys the basic purposes of the law.Thirdly, all the Statutes would overrule the case laws. There may be three kinds of relationships between the legislation-made laws and the common law. Firstly, common laws may supplement the legislation-made laws and in this way strengthen the legal process. Secondly, Parliament-made laws may replace a common law. Thirdly, if a particular Parliament-made law is outdated or is threatening the basic human rights, then the Court can decide that the same should be scrapped. Hence, it can be said that judges can state the law within the limits of the legal world.There are two ways in which laws can be interpreted by the advocate or the judge. One way is to determine what the statute might allow. The second way is to determine what the statute would definitely permit (Gleeson, 2001). Often the appellant courts and t he constitutional courts would be creating laws. If any statute would be impeding the Constitution, the same statute can be invalidated. A court may also implement a new rule or principle if it feels that the result of just implementing a law would not have desired results. This could even be in non-constitutional areas (Sackeville, 2001).

Physiological Reason Behind Texting and Driving

But a few days later that same student, while driving, would hear their hone chime and reach for it without second guessing their actions. Humanity is attached to technology, mainly cell phones because of their vast capabilities which lead people not to think about the ramifications cell phones could create, particularly when they are used while driving. People who refrain from cellophane use while driving usually ask: â€Å"Why would someone text and drive if they knew the numberless consequences it could cause? â€Å".Believe it or not a majority of the population, especially teenagers have a psychological need to use their cell phones. Human beings have not Just a desire, UT an uncontrollable need to socialize with other people. When people communicate with others they find a sense of self-identification, while also getting a sensation of acceptance, and recognition. Even the Supreme Court has recognized that in today's society testing has become an important way of self-identif ication; which is how one person pictures themselves with someone else.The mind yearns for relationships with other people, and people nowadays maintain steady contact with their friends and family through technology. Humanity is willing to go too certain extent to talk to people due to their need to associate with others. One of these common extents includes multitasking such as: watching television and testing, doing chores and testing, and even driving and testing. Another psychological need of the human brain consists of the yearning to feel wanted and belonged. By receiving Just one text message, a person consciously or even unknowingly feels these two sensations.They begin to feel wanted and belonged because their mind realizes another person wants to engage in a conversation with them. Many teens have what official identified as problematic phone use which known to be caused by several psychological variables. A study conducted by Adrian Bianca and James G. Phillips proved th at one's self-esteem, neurotics, age, and gender are determining factors in the amount of time one spends on their cell phone (Bianca, Adrian, and James G. Philips). All of these factors are different for each person which is why some people abstain from testing and driving, and others do not.In a different study by three doctors it is proven that there are three indulgences earned from testing, and these gratifications leads to addiction (Young and Connected). The three indulgences are: self, social, and security. These indulgences lead to what doctors refer to as a behavioral addiction to testing. Doctors also say an addiction to technology is not easy to overcome. This addicting behavior gives anyone the ability to communicate practically instantly with another, giving them a sense of belonging. A majority of the population admits to going to a certain extent to talk to friends and family by simply testing and driving.A sense of belonging or fitting in emits positive, addicting f eelings that many people wish for. This identifies why some people, mainly teenagers, find it difficult to immediately stop testing and driving. Testing brings emotional benefits that indicate a psychological need to text, no matter the situation. More people should come to the realization of the myriad consequences testing and driving could cause. The most well-known consequence of testing at the wheel is car accidents. Also, the primary consequence of testing and driving is getting in an accident.The United States Department of Transportation proved that testing and driving makes the driver twenty times more likely to get into a car accident (Federal Ban on Testing for Commercial Truck Drivers). The chances of getting in a crash increase dramatically when a driver uses their phone due to the fact that the human brain cannot completely focus on two different things simultaneously. Testing and driving not only puts the driver's life in danger but the passengers' lives as well. If a driver gets into an accident due to testing and driving they could easily kill or injure another person typically resulting in a Jail sentence.If a driver gets into an accident that was their fault and ended up hurting or injuring someone they would feel pure guilt, an amount of guilt that no one should have to deal with. Right alongside the guilt the driver would get a sense of regret. In the back of their headed the accident would always linger and they would begin to think: â€Å"The text wasn't that important, if only I waited until I got home, I wouldn't have hurt another human being. † The large amount of regret could even cause psychological problems that would take time to erase.Along with the probability of accidents, and the psychological effects, testing and driving is also against the law. Only seven states in America have no restrictions on testing and driving while the other forty-three have various laws regarding the subject. Some laws ban all cell phone use, a nd others ban it for children under the GE of eighteen. If a driver breaks a law concerning cell phone use the driver could be fined or even get license suspension. Drivers should refrain from testing and driving due to the innumerable consequences it could lead to.The chance of someone growing up to text and drive is determined by their parents driving habits, other drivers, and their age level. Without even knowing it, parents easily influence what kind of drivers their kids are going to be. If a child constantly sees their parent on their cell phone while they drive the child will begin to think it must be okay to text and drive because their parents do. Two thirds of high school children say their parent or parents text while they drive, thus meaning, these children will most likely text and drive. Another factor that influences a driver's habits includes other driver's behaviors.When teens first start driving and see other drivers being careless by testing while driving, they d eem it acceptable. By seeing strangers, and even friends text and drive a beginner driver starts to think that the act of testing and driving has no ramifications. Seventy one percent of drivers text and drive end up unknowingly influencing others drivers (WAIF). Teens typically text ND drive more than older people due to their high level of self-confidence. In this generation, teenagers typically believe they are invincible. Therefore teens believe they can handle testing and driving.Truthfully the human brain cannot focus on two things at once, but the stubborn teenagers of this generation refuse to believe in the incapability of multitasking. There are many organizations and inspirational speakers that are country wide trying to reach out towards teenagers to engrave the possible consequences of testing and driving into their minds. A major organization is Stop the texts. Stop the wrecks funded by Ad Council. They have collaborated with the office of State Attorney Generals and t he National High and the National Highway Traffic Administration to gain more power and have a more profound effect on people.Their campaign includes Public Service Advertising on the radio, television, and social media platforms. On their website they have tips and tactics on how to change the negative behavior of testing and driving. A website, funded by the government, known as D! Striation takes the motto â€Å"One text or call could wreck it all. † The United States Department of Transportation has banned testing and cell phone usage for immemorial drivers and encourages states to make laws against cell phone usage while driving. The website does an effective Job of informing their audience about the epidemic, how to get involved, and how to keep the roadways safe.Since we do live in the twenty-first century there are solutions to technology, with technology. A well-known app is Phonograph, which disables the ability to text while traveling over ten miles per hour. This application can also notify parents or another adult when the device is traveling at an unsafe speed. Testing and driving has become a well- now problem and people are trying to find ways to prevent it, but even where there are solutions there has to be a person willing to make a change in their behavior.Humanity's technological advances have so many good qualities that people do not want to realize its downfalls. Cell phone usage while driving is caused by the psychological benefits of testing, and the influence of other drivers. Drivers around the world should be more aware of the consequences testing and driving causes, and how much trauma an accident can produce. Humanity should realize there is a time and place for testing, and driving does not happen to be one of them.

Assessing the Arguments Related to Shareholder Primacy and Stakeholder Dissertation

Assessing the Arguments Related to Shareholder Primacy and Stakeholder Theory in Corporate Governance - Dissertation Example Historically, the shareholder primacy theory has occupied a significant role in the corporate governance strategies based on the Anglo-American model. Shareholder primacy theory takes the position that the corporation is owned by shareholders and thus exists for the sole purpose of maximizing shareholder value. The role of shareholder primacy in corporate governance has been challenged by the European model of corporate governance which recognizes stakeholder value. Stakeholder theory looks more keenly at relationships between the corporation and its stakeholders, and presumes that profits flow naturally from improving stakeholder value and should not drive corporate decisions and behaviour. It therefore follows that theories of shareholder and stakeholder value espouse divergent presumptions on what factors should drive corporate behavior. In light of the recent global financial crisis of 2008-2009, there has been considerable debate over whether or not shareholder primacy should play an even greater role in making management accountable. Even so, these arguments are countered by arguments that express concern over the possibility that shareholder primacy would have a negative impact on the corporation or organization’s wider class of stakeholders; employees, creditors, the community and consumers.... icism of Shareholder Primacy 24 2.3 Stakeholder Theory 28 2.3.1 Definition 28 2.3.2 Origins of Stakeholder Theory 30 2.3.3 Developments and Current Stakeholder Theory 32 2.3.4 Criticisms of Stakeholder Theory 34 2.4 Conclusion 36 2.5 Chapter Summary 37 Chapter Three 38 Shareholder Primacy in Corporate Governance 38 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Shareholder Primacy in Practice 38 3.3 Shareholder Primacy and Corporate Governance in the UK 42 3.4 Conclusion 46 3.5 Chapter Summary 47 Chapter Four 47 Stakeholder Theory and Corporate Governance 47 4.1 Introduction 48 4.2 Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility 48 4.3 Stakeholder Theory and Corporate Social Responsibility in Practice 49 4.4 Conclusion 54 4.5 Chapter Summary 54 Chapter Five 55 Findings/Conclusion 55 Bibliography 58 Chapter One Shareholder Primacy and Stakeholder Theory: Issues and Background 1.1 Introduction Historically, the shareholder primacy theory has occupied a significant role in the corporate governance strategies ba sed on the Anglo-American model.4 Shareholder primacy theory takes the position that the corporation is owned by shareholders and thus exists for the sole purpose of maximizing shareholder value.5 The role of shareholder primacy in corporate governance has been challenged by the European model of corporate governance which recognizes stakeholder value. Stakeholder theory looks more keenly at relationships between the corporation and its stakeholders, and presumes that profits flow naturally from improving stakeholder value and should not drive corporate decisions and behaviour.6 It therefore follows that theories of shareholder and stakeholder value espouse divergent presumptions on what factors should drive corporate behavior. In light of the recent global financial crisis of 2008-2009,

Nursing Practice Guidelines and Theory Research Paper

Nursing Practice Guidelines and Theory - Research Paper Example Grand nursing theories possess the vast scope and propose broader concepts and suggestions. Such type of theories reveal and provide insights valuable for hospitals but are not intended for experimental testing. (Navahandi, 2006, 180) This minimises the chances of application of grand nursing theories for designing, demonstrating, and foreseeing nursing in some situations. Such type of theories are utilized for almost all levels of nursing. Middle-range nursing theories are not vast unlike grand nursing theories in scope and propose a valuable connection between nursing practice and grand nursing theories. Such theories present concepts and propositions at an inferior level of generalization and possess great scope for high trend of theory-based investigation and nursing practice strategies. (Warhurst, Grugulis and Keep, 2007) Nursing practice theories possess the narrowest scope and level of generalization and are designed to be utilized for only limited variety of nursing situations. Nursing practice theories offer frameworks for nursing intrusions, and foresee results and the effects of nursing practice. (Stelzer, 2008, 25) In the last 15 years, nursing in the United Kingdom have increased its reliance on skilled work groups or teams. Although the initial motivation for adoption of work groups and teams may be linked to well-publicised examples in other parts of the world, reports of many successful implementations in the United Kingdom have further spurred their adoption (Navahandi & Aranda, 2006, 160). The continuing importance in the practice environment was advanced by Jerry Junkins, CEO of Texas Instruments: "No matter what your business, these teams are the wave of the future" (Dumaine, 2008, p. 220).

What impact are technologies such as iPlayer, 4OD and You Tube having Essay

What impact are technologies such as iPlayer, 4OD and You Tube having on audiences and broadcasters - Essay Example The current scenario is as Negroponte surmised in the mid-nineties, â€Å"wholly new content will emerge from digital, as will new players, new economic models and a likely cottage industry of information and entertainment providers† (1995, p. 18). In the recent years, emergence of new technologies like the iPlayer, 4OD and You Tube along with the merging of various market forces have led to contention over the fact as whether traditional form of broadcasting would be soon obsolete, owing to widespread Internet use, or whether the audience would switch over and browse Internet primarily through their televisions. The industries that function within the arena of mass media and communications face persistent pressure in the form of ever-growing demands from their audiences, and they must necessarily conform and evolve in order to meet these demands and survive the stiff market competition. In order to retain their audience, the television industry adopted the process of converge nce with Internet, where it became possible for â€Å"multiplexing - the ability to offer ancillary digital streams of data, image sound and interactivity simultaneously† .... Discussion The introduction of modern technology in the arena of television industry during the late 1990s signalled a sort of abundance, when the number of channels being aired increased, while simultaneously expanding their worldwide purview, along with the addition of new storage and interactive faculties. The complete switch over to digital TV from the older analogue version started region wise in UK, from 2008 and is expected to end by 2012. Even though the changeover to digital version is nearly over, the switch over to a high-tech Smart TV (that converged TV with internet) until the end of 2011 was relatively low, where observations reveal that until recently only 12% of the British people had a Smart TV in their homes, a figure which is now progressively increasingly (Brilot, 2012). Within communications and mass media sector, television is the last segment to have received internet connection (Brilot, 2012). It was viewed that the chief successor to the traditional form of t elevision broadcasting services would be the internet-based video streaming sites that would offer a revolutionary mode of interactive sessions, along with personalised television programs (Harries, 2002, 219). Therefore, it was regarded that the online video streaming websites would turn out to be a main competitor for the traditional form of television broadcasting. However, recent reports show otherwise, where it is observed that traditional live TV viewing is still more popular amongst UK audience (more than 90% of the total population prefer ‘live’ TV viewing), than the modern technological developments, that include iPlayer, 4OD and You Tube viewing (Bairamian, 2010). Besides this, despite various sites that offer direct viewing of videos (like YouTube or iPlayer)

See attachments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

See attachments - Essay Example United States also used Gemini capsules to set out weapons and do surveillance of the outer space and the earth. This task highlights the endeavors taken by the United Nations in securing the use of the space. This task looks at the possibility of having the future war in the space. With the increased superiority struggle between different states over control of the space, there is a possibility that, indeed, the future war could be in the space. Satellites follow definite paths as they go around the earth. Likewise, other celestial bodies that move around other bodies follow regular pathways. Classification of orbits takes different approaches depending on the position of the orbit. They can be classified based on a number of considerations. Astronauts have devised taxonomy of orbits based on Centric Classifications, Inclination Classifications, Altitude Classification in Geocentric Orbits, Classifications based on Eccentricity, Synchronicity Classifications, Classifications based on galaxies and Galaxy Models, Pseudo-Orbital Classifications and other special classifications3. Special taxonomy of orbits classifies orbits into sun synchronous orbits and moon orbits. Sun synchronous orbits are those that combine inclination and altitude in such a manner that the satellite on the orbits passes over a particular point on the surface of the planet at the same local solar time. Such orbits place a satellite on a constant sunlight exposure and are useful for spying, imaging and as weather satellites. Moon orbits have the orbital traits of the Earth’s Moon. They lie at an average altitude of 238,857 miles and are elliptically inclined. Pseudo-Orbit Classification classifies orbits into Horseshoe Orbits, Lunar Transfer Orbits (LTO), Retrograde Orbits, Prograde Orbits and Halo Orbits4. To a ground observer, a Horseshoe Orbit appears to be orbiting another planet while in real sense they usually co-orbit another

Latin Western European Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin Western European Culture - Essay Example In Latin America, people shake hands when they meet someone and again when they part. Latin Americans also like to stay close when talking. The part that time plays in social events also differs. If a person is invited to someone's house in Europe for a meal, he or she should arrive on time. However, in Latin America, he or she should arrive at least one hour late. This is the. case for business appointments as well as for social events. In some countries, 'tomorrow' does not necessarily mean the day after. Americans are always in a hurry. They want to get on with whatever it is. Some other countries like to spend more time with preliminary discussions. Talking, negotiating and bargaining are all parts of the game. In Latin countries, as well as in the Middle and Far East, haggling over prices is expected (Newman and Nollen 1996). Following Hofstede's theory, in Latin America, power distance is high. It is a collectivist culture in which family and family relations play a crucial role. Latin America can be seen as a combination of masculine and feminine characteristics of culture. The main masculine traits are (1) aggressiveness and (2) ambition. The main feminine factors are: close relations and high sensitivity. The power distance of a culture is reflected in the superior subordinate relations in business organizations. A short power distance is an inducement to greater volume and variety of vertical communication and participative decision style(Hofstede 1996). It is common for such countries to advocate participation in the manager's decisions by his or her subordinates; however, the initiative towards this is supposed to be taken by the manager. The status of the individual in the West is tied to education and knowledge and, as mentioned before, in the American type of culture, experts are treated with g reat respect and loyalties to a profession are greater than loyalties to the company. Latin Americans have little experience of working in formal organizations which, combined with belonging to a high-contextual culture, means that much of what goes on as planning, supervising and controlling is more symbolic than substantive, as will be seen. Many Latin American institutions and business organizations are not very efficient, which is one reason why Latin American executives prefer to use personal (family and friendship) ties instead of formal channels and apply a very personalized and informal management style (Owen and Scherer 2002). In business, Latin American managers not only value change relatively highly but also value caution less. This suggests an active or dynamic orientation and a willingness to make risky decisions. Uncertainty of life is accepted as normal, and economic risks are judged by potential rewards. The action culture in Latin America has made available the mass-produced goods the Latin American market wants -- better than anyone else has. Latin Americans consider it almost a right to be materially well off and physically comfortable. They expect convenient transport, a variety of clean and healthful foods and comfortable homes equipped with labor-saving devices. The high value placed on materialism in the culture is sometimes reflected in an ethnocentric attitude towards other individuals,

Industrial uses for hemp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Industrial uses for hemp - Research Paper Example Due to this reason, hemp cultivation has been banned by the federal law in the United States, with China being the largest legal cultivator of hemp for industrial use. This, surprisingly, is a great loss as hemp has great industrial uses. Hemp is used to make about 25000 different products. Apart from the traditional uses in well-known products like rope, twine, nets, canvas bags and carpets, the fiber from the hemp plant can also be used in the production of textiles for apparel, diapers, sheets, towels, tents, drapes, knapsacks and shoes. Surprisingly enough, the first Levi's jeans were made out of hemp fibers and were stronger and possessed better quality. Hemp oil possesses the property of oxidizing as soon as it comes in contact with direct air, and if not stored properly, can become rancid. The proper way of storing the oil is to place it in a dark glass bottle and refrigerate or freeze. Due to this quality, hemp oil is used in manufacturing oil-based paints. They help the pain t to quickly dry out and yet have an oily/wet effect when sealed open. Linseed oil possesses the same quality and is used in the paint industry as a substitute. Hemp oil is also a great moisturizer, and is thus used in the production of moisturizing creams and is used in the cosmetic industry to make creams, lipsticks, foundations, mascaras etc. Its healing and inflammatory properties trigger its use in the production of lip balms and freckle, anti-blemish creams for facial purposes. Hemp is also used to create ropes of varying strengths. Hemp, in its natural form, appears very similar to the linen cloth. Its twigs are braided together to make ropes. The strengths of the ropes can be varied by changing proportions of the organic fibers being used in making the rope. Hemp happens to be a strong fiber and thus as its proportion is increased, the rope gains more strength. Hemp is also used to manufacture cloth, blending it with other fibers to like cotton and silk to add strength to th e cloth and give it a more ever lasting effect. Hemp, in its neat form, with very little addition of other organic fibers, is used to make everlasting fabric, making it strong and difficult to tear apart. Hemp seeds are an essential for the animal/bird feed industry. According to a survey in 2003, it was discovered that more than 95% of hemps sold in the entire European Union is used as animal or bird feed. Hemp seed is also used by pharmaceuticals as it has anti-inflammatory properties. Its use dates back to the third millennium BC, where hemp was used as a healer to accelerate the healing of all kinds of burns; injuries from the use of fire or lifting hot sum and substance, strong sun burns due to excessive exposure to the sun, etc. It was also used to treat rheumatism, ulcers, asthma, insomnia, migraine and other health problems. Hemp also possesses high nutritional value, and includes high amounts of dietary fiber, calcium and iron. Another unique property of the plant is that i t does not trigger any kind of allergies. Hemp oil can also be used as a supplement to those who are under-nutritioned, relieving symptoms of eczema and the seed contains a high content of omega-3. Surprisingly enough, hemp is also used to make building material, for instance, concrete-like blocks made out of hemp and lime are used as insulators in buildings. Very recently, The Renewable House in the UK, was made using hemp-based materials. Hemp also has the ability to be used as fuel.

Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement - Essay Example The Argument The advertisement is arguing the point that with the new Nissan Dualis, one of the features being promoted as its focal point is its 360 ° view or the ability of the driver to be able to monitor his surroundings from the driver’s seat from a 360 ° perspective. The advertisement was therefore effective in providing a visual presentation of indicating how the 360 ° view could be depicted perfectly by positioning the female model in 12 strategic identical poses. The image thereby represents looking at strategic areas around the vehicle from complete circular points of view. The Target Audience The target audience that is perceived from the advertisement is female drivers, who would be more interested in being extra careful in monitoring the condition of the vehicle’s situation from a complete 360 ° view. More specifically, it is directed to female and young adult professional drivers, as depicted from the model that they used in the advertisement. The female model is perceived to be in her early 20s and her manner of carrying herself through the outfit she wears (white crisp blouse over a blue tight jeans and with a red belt) is indicative of her being in a carefree lifestyle, possibly in an exciting career. But of course, the advertisement could also be directed to all automobile drivers who are interested in owning the Nissan Dualis, with this 360 ° Around View Monitor. Rhetorical Principles Employed The rhetorical principles that were employed are a collaboration of logos (logic), pathos (emotion) and ethos (character). The rhetorical principle of logos was evident from the effective display of visual representation that captured the message of 360 ° view from the strategic positions of the female model. Likewise, the captions below the focal images with states: â€Å"PARK PERFECTLY WITH A 360 ° VIEW. The 360 ° Around View Monitor. Nissan Innovation that excites† (Best Ads) uses logical and emotional appeal thro ugh provision of factual information, in conjunction with the use of words that entices the emotion (excites). Finally, the rhetorical principle of ethos (character) is relayed through inclusion of Nissan’s logo and brand name, as well as the name of the vehicle being advertised, situated effectively at the upper left hand corner and colored in bold red to stand out against the immaculately white background with very faint shades of possibly light gray around the borders. The brand name, in itself, solicits character and credibility as one of the trusted brands in cars, known worldwide. Conformity to Advertisement Theories and Strategies As learned from the course modules, it is relevant that advertisements contain an effective interplay of both visual and verbal contents to make the advertisement effective. As such, this particular concept is appropriately applied in the Nissan Dualis: Park Perfectly ad which was proven to have used exemplary visual contents and assisted wit h verbal contents. But, as contented by Rossiter, â€Å"visual content warrants relatively more advertiser attention than verbal content† (101). From the impact that the visual content creates to the target audience, it is therefore supported that this concept is validated. One therefore agrees that the ability of the creator of the advertisement to design a visual image that would effectively relay the message that is intended, in a creative and innovative fashion, significantly assists in considering the advertisment a success – especially when the advertisement effort created that action intented by the organization;

Answer to case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer to case - Essay Example If the bill gets passed then it would force the search engines, the internet service providers to stop running business with the websites that deals with the online piracy. The old media users are of the opinion that the SOPA should be passed because every day the rogue websites is stealing immense number of creative things and that is why the Americans are losing their jobs in the creative field. On the other side, the opponents of the SOPA state that it can include the new unpredictable liabilities of the websites which can hamper the â€Å"private rights of action†. Facebook, Twitter and many others companies encouraged political protests through the help of social media. They were also engaged in the traditional protests like campaigning, letter writing. Stakeholder Theory Approach In a business, the importance of stakeholders can never be ignored. The different stakeholders have different opinions for the issue of SOPA implementation. There are two types of stakeholders p resent in the market namely the market stakeholders and non-market stake holders. Market stakeholders Employees: In case the bill is passed the employees would be majorly affected because the employees of the organizations like Facebook, Twitter consider the new media can be immensely hampered by the law. If the company would not get the permission to run specific functions due to the act then the possibility of major cost cutting may arise. In the cost cutting policies it is obvious to take a lay off initiative for the organizations. This can be a biggest threat for the employees. The employees’ salience is moderate in this case as the employees itself cannot change certain policies of the government. Managers: The managers of the opposition companies also can face high threat due to the government policies. The managers are the major decision makers of the business and the managers bargaining power is always high as they are well efficient in lobbying and manipulating polit ical powers in their favour. In case, the bill is passed in US House most of the managers would be affected hardly as they would have to miss their high remuneration due to the cost cutting and they have to take initiative to retrench the companies in the crisis situation. Customers: Customers always prefer the product which they can get in low cost. The popularity of pirated music and films increased because of the reason that the customers prefer the cheap products. Many customers would be barred from getting the opportunity of private rights of options. Many people will be barred from enjoying the creativity in low cost. Providing high cost for these services might not be possible for all kind of customers. The salience is very high for the customers, as they are powerful to force the government to take any decision, and their reaction will also be urgent as they are affected highly (Freeman, 2010, p.54). The non Market stakeholders Government: The government has the power to tak e all the decisions regarding this matter but it is not in a hurry to take immediate steps as it has taken the shape of power politics. By evaluating both side argument and political power game, the government would take its decision. Media: The opposition of this law are hugely using the media to display their protests. All the defending companies are using mostly the social media along with the other medias to present their views in front of government and community.

The Simpsons contains Essay Example for Free

The Simpsons contains Essay Violence is regularly exhibited on the sitcom, most notably by the notorious Itchy and Scratchy, a parody of the cat and mouse antics of Tom and Jerry. Far from being a negative factor, this is intended to highlight the amount of violence on television and how children can be easily influenced by it: in the episode Itchy and Scratchy and Marge, Maggie attacks Homer with a mallet after watching the gruesome cartoon. Corruption appears often too with Major Quimby and the police force as excellent examples of this. The Simpsons also promotes family values and Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie are all intertwined in a close family unit. Despite all the troubles and mishaps they may face, the Simpsons always overcome their problems and every episode concludes with them together. Religious and racial tolerance is another topic the show tackles which characters from all sorts of ethnic backgrounds including Apu, a Hindu Indian immigrant and Krusty the clown, a Jewish entertainer. Both have had special episodes to themselves revealing that their true inner nature is just the same as anyone else. There is an enormous amount of moral and social issues dealt with by The Simpsons. Some of these occur in episodes repeatedly, maybe to add emphasis their importance. For example, the villainous Sideshow Bob is always trying to murder Bart because he foiled him in his scheme to conquer childrens television. However, despite trying repeatedly Bob has yet to succeed. The message behind this is clear: crime does not pay. After thirteen seasons and 276 episodes, The Simpsons have become a cultural phenomenon with Bart being named as one of the most influential figures of the 1990s. With celebrity guest voices and innumerable catch phrases like eat my shorts and doh! the programme will forever be a celebrated classic. In contrast to The Simpsons, Southpark does not possess any deep underlying themes or messages. Similar to other sitcoms like The Young Ones and Faulty Towers It only exists purely for entertainment values. The coarse language and often obscene story lines may be offensive to some viewers, especially when the show involves four eight year old children as the central characters. However, its twisted humour still succeeds to amuse many others. A typical episode portrays the strange day to day lives of Eric, Kenny, Stan and Kyle. Kenny dies a gruesome death in each episode and this has become a trademark for the program. The show, similar to The Simpsons and all other memorable sitcoms, has also spawned many catch phrases. Southpark specialises in creating comedy from another persons misfortune. If everybody took Southpark too seriously then it has the potential to offend anyone and everyone. The level of perception in situation comedies varies from one to the next. Whereas The Simpsons contains a spectrum of deep messages, other sitcoms like Southpark have no meaning whatsoever except to entertain viewers. Although both are animated shows, the former still possesses similarities to contemporary society and its themes are very realistic issues.

Innocent Until Proven Guilty: An Evaluation

Innocent Until Proven Guilty: An Evaluation This claim is very similar to that of Blackstones ratio, which simply states that it is better that ten guilty persons escape, than that one innocent suffer When taken at face value, it simply means that no one should be punished for any alleged crime, unless it can be proven that they are guilty. This is so that justice can be done, where no innocent should suffer for anothers crime. Although it sounds logical and fairly straight forward, before we agree with the claim, we should seek to understand each detail of the claim, where the claim implies, and the consequences of the eventuation of the claim. Interpretation and Analysis As discussed above, the general idea of the claim is that everyone is innocent until proven guilty. The claim implies that as long as there is any doubt, however insignificant, that a defendant is guilty, he should be released, lest he be unjustly incarcerated. By using the word incarcerated instead of using more specific words like imprison, it opens up several other possible meanings to the claim. The other possible meanings would be confinement or, in other words, placed under detention. The claim also failed to specify the time frame, so it is also implying that innocent persons should not be unjustly incarcerated, even for the shortest period of time. In this context, it can be linked to that of Australias detention orders under the anti terrorism law, which allows a person to be detained for 24 hours, with the option for the order to be extended for a total period not exceeding 48 hours. This, in itself, is controversial, as it is said to infringe the personal rights of liberty of individuals. Sadly, a world where no innocents are unjustly punished is a utopian one. Indeed, it is the ideal scenario when only the guilty is punished, and the innocent walks free. That is what the justice system is about. However, this is not always the case, and there is always a possibility that an innocent person is found guilty. An example of such a case would be DOrta-Ekenaike v Victorian Legal Aid, when the plaintiff was unjustly convicted due to bad legal advice given by the Victorian Legal Aid  [2]  . In fact, in many criminal cases, there is always a small chance that, however ridiculous the argument or explanation the defence puts up, it could be actually true, and that the defendant is truly innocent. Therefore, in order to ensure that truly no innocent is punished by mistake, the defendant must be allowed to go free in such cases, no matter how probable that he is guilty of the accused crime. This is the exact scenario which the claim seems to suggest at face value, where it is better that fifty guilty persons walk free than a single innocent person be unjustly incarcerated, and this might lead to the breakdown of the justice system, when the accused would simply conjure up some story to use as defence in court, hence raising doubt about their guilt, so that they would get acquitted. The claim also failed to mention the type of crime which the fifty persons allowed to walk free were guilty of. The scenario the claim suggests might be within limits which are reasonable if it is for relatively minor offences such as littering or parking offences, but it is an entirely different story if the crimes of the fifty guilty people include serious offences such as murder. This raises the question on whether it is worth the personal rights of the person, to uphold justice for this one innocent person, and in turn, opening up the possibility that fifty violent psychopaths being allowed to walk free to wreak havoc in society. Even if it is argued that it is not necessary that all fifty people are those guilty of serious crimes, the damage that even just one serial murderer can do is very significant. We just cannot afford to let one serial murderer walk free, much less fifty, for the stability and peace within our society. In light of the terrorist acts on the September 11, 2001, as well as the subsequent acts of terror around the world, it raises another problem to the claim. The damage that a single terrorist could wreak in our society could possibly be beyond what many of us can imagine. Even if just one of the hypothetical guilty people who are released is a terrorist, much less fifty, there would be serious implications to our society as a whole. The terrorist, with an agenda to create as much terror as he can, could detonate bombs in crowded areas like what happened in the Bali bombings, go on a shooting spree or even disrupt important conferences which involves world leaders. Not only will these result in loss of numerous lives, it will also tarnish the nations reputation in the eyes of other countries, especially if it involved the leaders of other nations, and this, in turn would have negative economic consequences, an example being the decline in the number of tourists. Therefore, in these times of turmoil and terror, perhaps, if the incarceration, be it temporary or permanent, of one innocent along with the fifty guilty people would be the key factor in preventing a terrorist attacks which would possibly result in numerous loss of lives, perhaps, ignoring the personal rights of the individual, it is the better alternative than letting all of them walk free, with possibly disastrous consequences. Evaluation and Inference The claim can be related to many of the theories we have learnt in the course, the most prominent one being liberalism, which is linked to human rights. It also can be related to the theory of natural law, as well as utilitarianism, which focuses more on the morals of the consequences rather than that of the action itself. From the natural law point of view, which focuses on the ethics of ones actions rather than the consequences, the laws of the state which goes against the values set out in Gods law, or based on principles of justice, are morally wrong. Laws made by the state should follow the set of values, or they would not be just law. Some things are just plain morally wrong, such as the wartime atrocities under the German law, and most people, if not all, would agree. The punishment of an innocent individual, as suggested by the claim, although nowhere as serious as the former, is still morally wrong in the eyes of most people. It is even stated in the Bible in Genesis 18:23-32 that God would not punish the innocent, and that if ten innocent and just people are found within the city, God would not destroy the city for their sake.  [3]  Therefore it can be said that in the eyes of natural law, the claim is perfectly just, and that laws made by the state should adhere to the principles laid do wn by the claim. From the liberalism point of view, which emphasises on individual rights, the unjust incarceration of an individual, regardless of the duration, would be an infringement of the rights of the individual. In fact, by the incarceration of the individual, it already goes against a number of rights listed in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, examples being Article 11, where everyone is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty, and Article 13, where everyone has freedom of movement within the boundaries of each state.  [4]  These are fundamental human rights which everyone is presumed to have, and it can be disturbing to suggest that some of this rights are being violated in a first world country, such as Australia. Examples would be the preventive detention order, control orders as well as questioning warrants in Australia, where individuals, in some cases even those without suspicion, may be detained for questioning.  [5]   However, the two perspectives mentioned above does not take into account the consequences of the actions. From the utilitarianism point of view, the most moral action would be the one which would benefit the most number of people in the end, instead of focusing on the morality of the act itself. This could be seen as for the benefit of communal wellbeing, which brings about the commonly heard phrase for the greater good. If by detaining the group of people, inclusive of the fifty guilty people as well as one innocent person, and as a result, terrorist attacks could be avoided, then in the eyes of the utilitarian, it is the act that is the most moral. In fact, by the very same Universal declaration of rights mentioned earlier, it is mentioned in Article 2 that Everyone has the right to security of the person.  [6]  Since in this scenario, it is impossible to be entitled to all the rights listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is ultimately better to choose the out come which end up benefiting the most people. Since somebody is going to suffer in the end, it might as well be that innocent individual, rather than the whole of society being affected as a result. Of course, some people might point out the individual rights of the hypothetical innocent person. and the justification for the incarceration. They might even enquire how is it even permissible that the innocent can be incarcerated even without being proven that he is guilty. However, looking back in time, when man first came together to form society, they had to give up part of their liberty in exchange for stability when they had to follow the law, so that they are able to live peacefully in turn. In light of the terrorist attacks, each of us should be prepared to give up a bit more of our rights, so that we are able to have the peace of mind and live in security. It is due to the nature of the terrorist attacks, which we have to take extra precautions, as there can be almost no warning when a terrorist will strike, and when it does happen, the damage would be massive. It is not always possible to find sufficient evidence in time to detain the suspected terrorists, and new anti ter rorism laws had to be introduced to allow the detention of suspected terrorists without the need for evidence, and it is inevitable that innocents would be detained by mistake as well. This is further justified, when Australia is near the top of the terrorists hit list, and the danger of such attacks occurring in the country is very real indeed.  [7]  The possibility of being incarcerated by mistake, along with the actual guilty people is a risk we must be all be prepared to take, so that we can enjoy continued peace. Reflection When I first started working on the essay, my original intention was to write revolving around the issue of human rights. I actually intended to write in support for the human rights of the innocent individual, as in reality, no reasonable person would want to be put under detention even without being proven to be guilty. This, I believe, would be the more popular mindset, and the more popular perspective. It is also one of the reasons why I chose to study law, which is to fight for the rights of others, and for a small duration of time, I was focused on planning my essay argument solely towards that direction. Although I am not a fan of the utilitarian perspective, being from a Christian background and having the beliefs that the morality is all about the actions of the individual, throughout the course of planning and writing the essay I have realised that the consequences of the scenario suggested by the claim are also extremely important, and a balance has to be struck between the morality of the action and that of the consequences. Having held leadership appointments in the Singapore Armed Forces, I also understand that some measures, although harsh and unpopular, are necessary for the security and wellbeing of the society. This has also helped me to understand that the threat of terrorism is very real, and that the peace we are living in now should not be taken for granted. This essay has also revealed myself as a open-minded individual, as I was willing to reconsider my own views and beliefs throughout the course of writing this essay. The essay also revealed showed that I am courageous, by challenging the viewpoints which are commonly taken for granted, as well as taking up an unorthodox perspective. Conclusion Therefore, perhaps in these times of terror, and with Australia running the real risk of being hit by terrorist attacks, letting fifty people go free so that no innocents are incarcerated would be inappropriate. Although I support the laws allowing individuals to be detained even without being proved to be guilty due to the sheer necessity, I believe that the authorities should show discretion in doing so and not abuse the power it provides. This is after all, a delicate balance between human rights and the communal wellbeing of the society.

Role of the Human Resource Manager

Role of the Human Resource Manager Executive Summary The following report has discussed about the role of Mr. John Edwards, Human resource manager of Reliance Communication Ltd. The report focuses on the responsibilities and complexity of a person who is performing the role of a human resource manager. Interaction of Mr. Edwards as a human resource manager with other departments of the organization and with people outside the department is also discussed. The report begins with introduction to human resource management and highlights its importance in every business. Introduction is followed by a brief summary of the company. The report provides an analysis of the role of Mr. Edwards, what his priorities are and what he should do to be more effective in his job. The report is concluded with key points discussed in the report and is followed by references. Introduction The focus of Human Resource Management (HRM) is on managing people within the employer-employee relationship. It involves the productive use of people in achieving the organizations strategic business objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs (Stone, 2008). The competitive advantage for organizations in the old economy centered on the financial capital and technology, the emerging economy has shifted its emphasis on investment in human capital, knowledge and the commitment of the employees. The focus in the business world has shifted from physical assets to knowledge and information capital. The effective management of human capital poses new challenges in the organisation for leadership and managerial capabilities. The human resource function has gone from the traditional hire and fire role to a strategic partner with finance, operations and other business departments that are not centers of profit for the organization. The job of HR, as is the job of all such departments, is to ensure that the business gets the most out of its employees. In another words, the human resource management needs to provide a high return on the businesss investment in its people. This makes it a highly complex function (Cascio, 1998). The following discussion is all about that is discussed above. Discussion will surround around involvement of Mr. Edwards in the company and how he is developing assets for his company. Company Profile Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm), along with Reliance Telecom and Flag Telecom, is part of Reliance Communications Ventures (RCoVL). It is an Indian telecommunications company. Reliance Communications is a leader in telecommunications products and consultancy, a privately owned company with over 20 years of service to the business community, and with a reputation for integrity, superior implementation and support. Anil Dhirubhai Ambani controls 66.77 per cent of the company, which accounts for more than 1.36 billion shares. It is the flagship company of the Reliance-Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Reliance Energy, Reliance Capital and telecom initiatives of the Reliance ADAG (Company profile). Role of HR Manager Staffing: Key function of Mr. Edwards is to fulfill staffing needs of the company and it can be done in variety of ways, whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs. It takes place in two three steps. First step is to identify the requirements of the company and what kind of requirements is being requested. Second step is to determine the number of people and the skills mix necessary to do the work. Final step is to recruit and select the people best suited for the job and then to train them to fit and work efficiently in the organization. Retention: one of his critical roles in todays environment must be to help keep, develop and motivate the good people with scarce skills. This, of course, means knowing who they are and making sure that sufficient time and attention is spent with them. He makes sure that employees are rewarded for performing their jobs effectively, so as to keep them motivated. To make them comfortable he ensures that harmonious relations are maintained between the employees and the company and to maintain a safe and healthy work environment. Managing change: The constant evaluation of the effectiveness of the organization results in the need for the HR manager to frequently manage change. Both knowledge about and the ability to execute successful change strategies make him exceptionally valued. He acts as a change agent, serving as a catalyst for change within the organization. He has achieved this by developing problem solving communication and influence skills. He Advise managers on organizational policy matters such as equal employment opportunity and sexual harassment, and recommend needed changes. Employee Advocate: He acts as an advocate to every employee working in his company, to makes them aware of every information they require. It is his duty to provide current and prospective employees with information about policies, job duties, working conditions, wages, and opportunities for promotion and employee benefits. Serve as a link between management and employees by handling questions, and administering contracts and helping resol ve work-related problems interpreting. Analyze training needs to design employee development, language training and health and safety programs (Dolezalek, 2008). Development: is a function in which his objective is to preserve and enhance employee competence in their jobs through improving their knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics. Other functions: Analyze and modify compensation and benefits policies to establish competitive programs and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Plan and conduct new employee orientation to foster positive attitude toward organizational objectives. Maintain records and compile statistical reports concerning personnel-related data such as hires, transfers, performance appraisals and absenteeism rates. Analyze statistical data and reports to identify and determine causes of personnel problems and develop recommendations for improvement of organizations personnel policies and practices. Plan, organize, direct, control or coordinate the personnel, training, or labor relations activities of an organization. Conduct exit interviews to identify reasons for employee termination (Hofstede, 1980). Responsibilities of Mr. J. Edwards Tasks What he Do What he Doesnt Do Skills Required Skills not Required Provide expert guidance, perspective, and support to enable managers and supervisors to make appropriate pay decisions Yes Communicate programs and guidelines to help managers and supervisors understand all aspects of the compensation program Yes Identify, collect, and analyze external market data in order to ensure alignment Yes Maintain the competitiveness of the staff compensation structure by reviewing the market trends annually and, when appropriate, making adjustments to the structure to reflect market pay levels Yes Evaluate and determine appropriate job family, level, title, exempt/non-exempt classification and salary range for each new position and for each request for reclassification Yes Hiring, supervising, training, monitoring and firing of staff. Yes Maintain performance management tools for each staff position on campus Yes Ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations Yes Effective communication Yes Ethical behaviour Yes Persuasiveness and the ability to influence others. Yes Strategic thinking and critical/analytical thinking Yes Organizational skills Yes Interdependencies Human resource manager works with different types of people and groups within and outside the organisations. Without interacting with these groups he wont be able to do achieve his goals with efficiency. Thus he is very much interdependent on these groups to bring the best out of him and the people his is supervising. Following chart shows the various departments he is related to: = outside organisation = within organisation Top management: HR manager links the employee with the company. If there is demand made by the employees such as change in pay structure, working conditions or resolving disputes between them, he gets in touch with the management and tries to resolve the issue as soon as possible. In return top management sets the guidelines and objectives which are to be followed by the employees. He makes sure that if there is any change in the guidelines for the employees, they are implemented. Sales department: sales department of Reliance communication is very big and have different branches. There are sales people who manage the sales process and there are others who complete the sale. Both the branches require people with different skills. Sales department will inform the HR manger about their requirements for personnel and it is the responsibility of Mr. Edwards to fulfill it on time. He may do it by directly recruiting people or if it is an emergency, he may approach any recruiting agency t o meet his requirements. Production Department: He maintains a constant touch with the production manager and provides him with staff that is required to fulfill the department. In this case it is his duty to guide employees of workplace safety and other safety measures. Marketing Department: Mr. Edwards play a very important role when dealing with the marketing department. He not only recruits people for them but also discusses the need of skills that are feasible for promoting the company and accordingly sets out the criterion for selection. Accounts department: he prepares an estimated budget, which will be required for the purpose of hiring and training new employees. In return he hires people for the accounts department when required. There are few interactions which are similar with every department. He takes initiative to motivate employees in every department and makes sure that he is in constant touch with employees who are facing any problems or having any issues while working. He sets up programs at regular basis to interact with employees of every department to know their problems and inform them if there are any changes required by the top management (Mujteba, 2006). Recruiting agencies: he contacts these agencies when there is an urgent need to employ people and it is not viable to go through the process of recruitment because of its time consuming feature. He will inform them with his requirements and in return they will provide with people of required skills. Conclusion The role of the HR manager must parallel the needs of his or her changing organization. Successful organizations are becoming more adaptive, resilient, quick to change direction and customer-centered. Within this environment, the HR manager, who is considered necessary by line managers, is a strategic partner, an employee sponsor or advocate and a change mentor. According to Dickson (1998), most important function of HR manager is to provide a support system to its employees; it can be emotional or physical. In todays organizations, to guarantee their viability and ability to contribute, HR managers need to think of themselves as strategic partners. In this role, the HR person contributes to the development of and the accomplishment of the organization-wide business plan and objectives. The HR manager contributes to the organization by constantly assessing the effectiveness of the HR function. He also sponsors change in other departments and in work practices. To promote the overall success of his organization, he champions the identification of the organizational mission, vision, values, goals and action plans. Finally, he helps determine the measures that will tell his organization how well it is succeeding in all of this. Managing people is one of the most difficult aspects of organizational management; it means dealing with people who differ physically and psychologically (Mendenhall, 2007). References: ïÆ' ¼ Stone, R. J., (2008). Human Resource Management, 6th edition. Pg. 3. John Wiley publication. ïÆ' ¼ Dickson, R. (1998). Huaman Resource Management 2. Retrieved from http://www2.prestel.co.uk/rossticle/essays.htm, retrieved on 12th August, 2009. ïÆ' ¼ Company Profile. Retrieved from www.reliancecommunications.com. Retrieved on 12 August, 2009. ïÆ' ¼ Cascio, W. F. (1998). Managing Human Resources. Pg 46. Irwin McGraw Hill. ïÆ' ¼ Hofstede, G. (1980). Cultures consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. ïÆ' ¼ Mendenhall, Mark E.; Oddou, Gary R.; and Stahl, Gunter K. (2007). Readings and Cases is International Human Resource Management 4th ed. Routledge Publishers, Taylor Francis Books. ïÆ' ¼ Mujtaba, B. G. (2006). Cross Cultural Change Management. Llumina Press, Tamarac, Florida. ïÆ' ¼ Dolezalek, H. (2008). Good Job! Training, 45(6), pp. 32-34.

A Comparison Between ?Traveling through the dark? and ?A Noiseless, Pa

A Comparison Between â€Å"Traveling through the dark† and â€Å"A Noiseless, Patient Spider† William Stafford’s "Traveling through the dark" is beautifully written poem that expresses one of life’s most challenging aspects. It is the story of a man’s solitary struggle to deal with a tragic event that he encounters. Driving down a narrow mountain road, â€Å"Traveling through the dark,† the narrator of the poem encounters a deer. This line might fool the reader into believing the poem has a happy theme however, the first word of the second line reverses this belief. The deer is actually â€Å"dead on the edge of the Wilson River Road† (2, 911). The traveler decides to send the deer over the edge of the canyon, because â€Å"to swerve might make more dead† (4, 911). This line indicates that if he fails or â€Å"swerves† in his decision, the deer could cause an accident on the narrow road that might cost more lives. The narrator proceeds with his unfortunate task. He approaches the deer and observes that it is a recent killing. He drags her off to the side of the road, noting that she is â€Å"large in the belly† (8, 911). The narrator soon discovers that the deer is pregnant, and that her fawn is still alive. At this moment he hesitates, distraught over the decision he knows he must make. Faced by the implications of this decision, the narrator considers his surroundings: his car stares ahead into the darkness with its lowered parking lights, purring its steady engine; he stands â€Å"in the glare of the warm exhaust turning red,† (15, 912) and can â€Å"hear the wilderness listen† (16, 911). All of these describe the anxiety he feels about his responsibility. The personified car is expectantly awaiting his decision, eager to get moving again. The wilderness takes on human abilities also, silently witnessing the outcome it knows must be, but wishing it was otherwise. As the narrator ponders all of this, the taillights of the car illuminate him in their red light. This is reflective of the heightened emotions he is experiencing, but also brings to mind the bloody fate of the deer and her unborn fawn. The narrator thinks â€Å"hard for us all† (17,912) and proceeds with the task he had committed to since the beginning. He pushes the deer and her unb orn fawn over the edge into the river. There is much more to â€Å"Traveling through the dark† than its literal story. The ... ... wishes to underline this point by making the thread that the spider will use to launch itself into the air drawn out to an extreme. The spider is tireless in its quest, and so too is the soul. The soul, like the spider, is flinging out a "gossamer thread to catch somewhere" (10, 810). And like the spider, the soul is willing and able to wait until the moment shall arrive that is just right to begin its travels. However, like the spider's fragile silk, this bridge is also frail and prone to breakage from a careless act or an unheeding nature. So, in spite of the careful and deliberate act of flinging out a filament to catch on some unknown "sphere", it is possible that the soul may never reach its destination. For Whitman, that is both the excitement and the scariness of it all. Perhaps he is communicating to the reader the idea that though one may never get to where one is going, still, the journey is very important. Although by the language and the elements within these two poems seem very different, the interpretation suggests that they both discuss man’s journey through life. The physical in one, and the spiritual in the other.

Jane Kenyon’s The Blue Bowl Essay -- Poems Poetry Analysis

Kenyon’s criticism of burial and the mourning process and the manner in which it fails to provide a sense of closure for those who have lost a loved one is the main underlying theme in The Blue Bowl. Through her vivid description of both the natural setting and the grief-stricken emotional overtone surrounding the burial of a family’s house pet and the events that follow in the time after the cat is put to rest, Kenyon is able to invoke an emotional response from the reader that mirrors that of the poem’s actual characters. Her careful use of diction and the poem’s presentation through a first-person perspective, enables Kenyon to place the reader in the context of the poem, thus making the reader a participant rather than a mere observer. By combining these two literary techniques, Kenyon present a compelling argument with evidence supporting her critique of burial and the mourning process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kenyon’s choice of a first person perspective serves as one of two main techniques she uses in developing the reader’s ability to relate to the poem’s emotional implications and thus further her argument regarding the futility of mankind’s search for closure through the mourning process. By choosing to write the poem in the first person, Kenyon encourages the reader to interpret the poem as a story told by the same person who fell victim to the tragedy it details, rather than as a mere account of events observed by a third party. This insertion of the character into the story allows the reader to carefully interpret the messages expressed through her use of diction in describing the events during and after the burial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The diction Kenyon employs for her description of the poem’s physical and psychological setting serves as Kenyon’s primary means for presenting her argument regarding the nature of the mourning process and its failure to help those who have lost loved ones. The poem’s first stanza begins as follows, â€Å"Like primitives we buried the cat with his bowl. Bare-handed we scraped sand and gravel back into the hole(1-4).† The first two words, â€Å"like primitives,† give the reader immediate insight into Kenyon’s opinion regarding the nature of the burial itself. She sees it as a means of coming to grips with death that is less evolved than the mental state of those that it attempts to help. When the first stanza is interpreted as a whole, the reader is... ...ten through mourning, thus allowing her to illustrate one last example supporting her argument regarding the failure of burial and the mourning process to provide a sense of closure for those who have lost a loved one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through the careful use of diction presented through a first-person perspective, Kenyon is able to use The Blue Bowl as a medium for social commentary regarding what she sees as a primitive mourning process that does not help those who undertake it. Through a careful analysis of the poem, the reader is able to understand Kenyon’s critique of the mourning rituals that humans use to alleviate the grief caused by the death of a loved one and interpret the shortcomings that Kenyon finds. Kenyon’s use of perspective combined with specifically chosen diction enables her to present a social commentary regarding what she believes to be the inherent shortcomings in the emotional effects of the burial itself and the sense of closure it is supposed to bring yet fails to achieve during a typical period of mourning. Works Cited Kenyon, Jane. "Poetry 180 - The Blue Bowl." Library of Congress Home. Web. 11 Dec. 2015. .

Research Proposal Outline Essay

Research Proposal Outline Literature Review a. What was the topic of your literature review? Media violence and its effects on children In 1 paragraph, review the overall findings in this field, based on your literature review.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Large numbers of studies have suggested the media violence has bad effect on child’s psychological development.   The media can be used as an effective tool in teaching & developing sound habits in children through parental guidance & proper planning of the medium’s people. Parents need to satisfy the child’s confusion regarding fantasies shown on TV so they can learn to critique what they view. â€Å"According to the Office of the Surgeon General, children are theoretically more susceptible to behavioral influences when they are active participants than when they are observers.†( cited in Education Encyclopedia, 2007) Children associate themselves easily to a character they see on TV. A discussion with 8-10 year olds about who they wanted to be like, perceived that they are most influenced by unrealistic characters who are portrayed as braver & stronger than real people. Unfortunately, this fact was augmented for negative characters than positive ones.    Anxieties resulting from excessive violence viewing can pilot physical ailments in children & adults alike. The September 11th events were highlighted by the media; preschoolers reacted to the situation by showing emotional distress over the blood & bodies showed on national TV, elementary school students created ideas of their own & feeling scared for their own family’s wellbeing by watching the attack. Teenagers were most concerned for the victims & realized the effects of the calamity. Research Design Issues a. What is your research question?   What are the effects of media violence on child’s psychological development? What are your hypotheses? Violence shown in media can have bad affect on child’s psychological development and can result in various psychological problems and social problems.   Ã‚   Advertising &entertainment industries are a booming business but it can be used to incorporate positive information to the masses. It represents the culture & spirit of the respective country to the rest of the world & must not be used casually. Parents & teachers should come up with strategies to create a sense of understanding in the children from an early age.   The parents should realize what effects the movies & content on TV are having on their children & try to minimize TV viewing at home level. Some ways that may be incorporated by parents to limit children’s revelation to violence are: Restricting & keeping a check on what their children view on TV Discussing the programs with older children or young adults to clear their minds of any confusion & help them in expressing their opinions. Start a family oriented time by going for picnics, organizing a special lunch or dinner. Allow the children to watch TV for a selected time period & only programs that are desirable for their viewing. Offer criticism on TV channels & sponsors for showing in appropriate programs or content so as to force them to use proper censorship. What kind of research design will you use? (Include the aspects of research design discussed in class). Aka longitudinal, cross-sectional, etc†¦ We would prefer a longitudinal research design. Participants a. What kind of participants will be in your study (ages, gender, ethnicity, SES, other important characteristics)? The study will be done on children of age between 5-12 of both sexes and parents of age between 30-50 years of any ethnicity. How would you characterize this sample (ex. Representative, oversampling, within-group)? The sample is within-group. How many participants (if there are 2 or more groups-how many in each group)? Two groups of children and one group of parents and one group of teachers will be formed. Group A and A1 will be of children and group B will be of parents, and group B1 will be of teachers. Children group will have 48 participants and parents group will have 44 participants. Group A will be the group of normal children, while Group A1 of those with violent attitude and behavior. How will you recruit your participants (if there are 2 or more groups, describe for each group)? We’ll contact schools and talk with the administration to allow us take surveys from children and teachers. Children will be asked several questions regarding their activities at home and school. Teachers will be asked about the performance and behavior of students at school. What will you control for if you have more than 1 group of participants? Control group will include those children who have normal attitude and behavior and do not suffer from any psychological or social problem. Measures a. List the variables you will measure.   (Be specific and use your hypotheses as a guide.) Variables Number/name of violent movies viewed Number/name of cartoons viewed per day Number/name of shows viewed per day How will you measure these variables? (Give specific names of measures, or if you are developing your own measure, briefly describe it). Statistics ANOVA will be used to measure variables. State which participants will complete which measures (ex. Parents will fill out the Child Behavior Checklist; children will be observed in the Strange Situation). Children will be asked about their activities at home and school and the number of movies, shows and cartoons they watch per day. Parents will be asked about child’s behavior at home and social meetings. Teachers will be asked about child’s behavior at school and performance in studies. Procedures a. Describe your interview procedures (when, where, and how).   If you are doing a longitudinal study, you need to describe this for each assessment period. Assessment period of 4 months Three different questionnaires will be prepared for each group, children, parents and teachers. Interviews will be conducted at school in the afternoon for children and evening for teachers after they are free from class teaching. Are you compensating your participants? If so, how much? If you are doing a longitudinal study, you need to describe this for each time period. Gifts will be distributed among children after they take survey and give true information. For each survey gifts will be presented. If you are doing a longitudinal study, you need to describe how you will track your participants between assessment periods. Each participants contact number will be taken on first consent of participating in the study. Each participant will be provided with one telephone and mobile number of the research for easy contact and communication.

Case Study on Cost Efficiency

Introduction It is not blowsy to make do in the commercialise place place today. Rising expenses, chemise fuel rates, world(a) argument, take leaveing pains rates rough the world, and spiraling wellness insurance necessitate up pretend do price potency a despic up to(p)-bodied scar. Some snips it jut eruptms that a familiarity gets match slight set of expenses downstairs control, and in the meantime, an an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) atomic number 18a of the head shoutr begins experiencing represent completely e realwhereruns. It is a neer shutdown battle to dwell smart set upgrade groundability. The richness of equal aptitude programs within a community back endnot be eeryplacestated.Companies that atomic number 18 losing m unriv onlyedy, impoverishment to increase pro equalizes, or must run short to a greater extent than than than war-ridden fill to glower expenses in vagabond to succeed. K instantering how to instrument impressive greet simplification strategies end be the ascertain factor in the survival of a melodic phrase. E actu wholey formation strives to pull down embody and accomplishment of grow at minimum re inaugu proportionalityns to plus utmost show upput and financial performance. Cost readiness is a mea for certain of the direct of re bloods employ to create a habituated level of crossingion honour.How much re witnesss atomic number 18 macrocosm white plagued to create an optimum and defined level of out catchs need to work out to determine the be of resources and woo of eventual(prenominal) output it brings in existence. Comp whatever mess eat uper lower price increase for its customer improvements or sack up fork up much features for the same price of cross counseling. low-t wizd-arm bothocating Budget Comp either would worry to principal(prenominal)tain same level of answer provide and quality to a greater extentover at b ring down woo and try to earn profit as much as it crowd out. Objectives of the stem To set up the c formerlypt of live capability. To learn coarseness price power. To cultivation consequences of personify in energy. To study the case study on cost readiness with reference to Google bargain for turn on backola mobility. Re chase methodology The information for the evidence study is collected through supplementary sources i. e. from books, journal, magazines, internet, and so on Limitation of the study- The information for the apply study is collected through substitute source no primary source is usanced. Organizations Profile Google invoice of Google Google began in January 1996 as a re chase project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were just about(prenominal) PhD pupils at Stanford University in California.While conventional search engines ranked imparts by counting how many times the search cost appeargond on the page, the twain theorize d virtually a father a charge ashes that analyzed the relationships amongst vane localises. They called this innovativefound applied science Page circle, where a websites relevancy was determined by the number of pages, and the splendour of those pages, that linked back to the original site. A small search engine called Rank Dex from IDD Information Services degestural by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking.The applied science in Rank Dex would be procure and used later when Li founded Baidu in China. Page and Brin originally nick make believed their unfermented search engine Back Rub, because the establishment checked back links to melodic theme the importance of a site. purgetually, they channeld the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word googol, the number cardinal followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme hundred vigors, which was picked to repre direct that the search engine w ants to provide galactic quantities of information for people. Originally, Google ran chthonic theStanford University website, with the domains google. stanford. edu and z. stanford. edu. The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997 and the confederacy was combine on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friends store in California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the primaryly employee. In whitethorn 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed 1 meg for the set-back time, an 8. 4 percent increase from May 2010 (931 gazillion). Mission of Google Google Inc. s an Ameri shadow world(prenominal) corporation which provides cyber lieu-related point of intersections and services, including Internet search, cloud computing, computer software product program program and advertising technologies. Advertising revenues from Ad lyric poem generate almost all of the familiaritys profits. Google is a globa l engine room loss leader which focussinges on improving the expressive styles people conjoin with information congener to the industry Internet and Computer software. The phoner rush is to head the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful.Its product farm animals entangle Search Advertising, Display Advertising, Mobile Advertising, Tools for Publishers, Local, and Enterp try. Google has became one of the most recognized blemish in the world and achieved Market serving of 65. 5% (May 2011) in Search Engine headache. Google became the fourth bear-sizedst technology come with in USA. rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, encyclopaedisms, and companionships beyond the conjunctions core web search engine. The company offers online productivity software including email, an seat suite, and fond ne bothrking.Googles products extend to the desk exceed as well, with applications for web browsing, organizing & editi ng photos, and instant messaging. Google leads the phylogenesis of the mechanical man liquid operating brass, as well as the Google Chrome OS browser-only operating system, found on vary net books called Chrome books. Google has been estimated to run over one one million million million servers in entropy centers around the world and process over one billion search requests and about twenty-four peta bytes of user-generated data every day. As of September 2009 Alexa listed the main U. S. focused google. com site as the Internets most visited website, and numerous international Google sites as universe in the top hundred, as well as some(prenominal) new(prenominal) Google-owned sites much(prenominal) as YouTube, Blogger and Orkut. Google samewise ranks number ii in the BrandZ brand equity database. The dominant commercialise slope of Googles services has led to criticism of the company over subject fields including privacy, copyright, and censorship. Googles Organiz ational tender governing According to Fortune and All Business magazines, Google is the fourth-most admired company in the unify States.Google was in like manner listed as the top company to work for in both 2007 and 2008. The main reason for this employee admiration is Googles cross-functional organisational anatomical structure, which the company keep ons though stellar leaders and innovative solicitude techniques. Motorola History of Motorola capital of Minnesota V. Galvin and his br early(a), Joseph E. Galvin, secure a battery eliminator personal impute line in Chicago. In September 1928 they named the company Galvin Manufacturing society. Galvin Manufacturing batchs first of all product they develop is a battery eliminator which allows electronic devices to run on electricity quite a than batter.The name Motorola was given to Galvins first car stereo. Motor stands for car and ola stands for sound. From 1936 onwards, Galvin production lines attend to out over by manufacturing communicates for cars and receivers up to 1947 where they contain their first television and the company name agitates from Galvin Manufacturing Corporation to Motorola further indeed continue manufacturing communication system mediums. In 1967, Motorola prolongs into the following countries Australia, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Puerto Rico, South Korea, Taiwan, the join Kingdom and West Germany.In 1969, Motorola starts to supply the bailiwick Ameri dirty dog Space Agency (NASA) with radio equipment so astronauhts can communicate with their earthborn bases. The first man on the moon, Neil Armstrong communicated with farming whilst on the Moon using a Motorola Radio. In 2000 Motorola and General Instrument Corporation merged to enhance their services and in 2001 Motorola introduces the Motorola v60 phone the world first metallic element unsettled phone which is available on the cellular ne tworks GSM, TDMA and CDM A. In 2002 Motorola developed released a GPS chip that could be installed into consumer electronics to enable perspective positioning. in addition Motorola released a 3G which is transmitted over CDMA network. Finally, Motorola releases the Cross-Technology PoC product line that enables subscribers to apply push-to-talk connectivity across and between GPRS, CDMA2000 1X, and WiFi networks and Motorola releases Ojo Personal Video Phone. Ojo promises wideband connectivity and a video phone that doesnt break up which is commonalityly k presently with video phones. Mission of Motorola Motorola wants to make phone chargers to strap onto millions of owners bikes in emerging nations because meandering(a) phones are often the only pillowcase of phone they own.For many people in those countries, he tell, a mobile phone is often the first interaction with a computer or the Internet. worldwidely and locally, Motorolas mission is to make everything mobile communication, music, photos, In ternet, television. And oddly putt content wherever customers want it. Chris white from Motorolas multimedia experience department discussed what Zander called the two biggest customer frustrations getting music onto a mobile phone and getting pictures off of it. Motorola has partnered with Microsoft to bring DRM technology to its phones.Users pull up stakes be able to download music from a variety of online music stores into Windows Media Player. Songs can consequently be dragged, dropped and synched with the phone. In regard to photos, Motorolas new Rizr Z6 phone impart watch a 2-megapixel camera whose pictures can be sent wirelessly over Bluetooth to a Kodak EasyShare printer. Organizational structure of Motorola The company adopts a more tight schemeal structure compared to no(prenominal)ia and Ericsson and grants more self-confidence to the second level heed.Within divisions, the Vice Presidents of the individual(prenominal) segments are authorized to adopt the nobl e-minded organizational pattern as an example, intercellular substance advent for new product growing divisions/departments, whereas a line or cater structure for production area. The company esteems interdepartmental and cross functional teaming of employees and as well as adopts employee empowerments schemes to make well be generated the lacunae in organizational structure, caused collect to centralization of functions. The flat organization of Motorola enables the implementations of worry decisions at a faster rate.Concept of cost cogency Definition of cost energy faculty is the ratio of output to input. A system is cost efficient if, relative to another system, its output cost less per unit of input. A system increases its cost cogency when it maintains output with less than relative increase in input. Efficiency is sectiond into 2 parts, they are- allocative efficiency and x-efficiency. Allocative efficiency is come to with the allocation of given resources betw een chooseence uses in ways that maximize social welfare.X-efficiency is concerned with producing more output without any change in the allocation of inputs. It so focuses on inefficiencies such as overstaffing and managerial blow. The act of providence capital by qualification a product or performing an drill in a break way is energy precisely cost efficiency. Cost efficiency is a concept which is concerned with study contrary ways of achieving the same prey such that the most cost-effective choice leave behind be the to the lowest degree high-priced of the alternatives being compared. Cost efficiency takes into broadside not only the price, entirely other factors too.Cost efficiency is more expensive at first and in the prospicient run it get out save gold. This cost efficiency refers to the use of resources so as to maximize the production of beneficials and services. In accountancy, the cost is express more efficient than another (in relative terms) if i t can provide more reliables and services for society without using more resources. In absolute terms, a slip can be called efficient if No supererogatory output can be obtained without change magnitude the amount of inputs. Production speak at the lowest possible per-unit cost.These definitions of efficiency are not exactly equivalent, simply they are all encompassed by the view that a system is efficient if postal code more can be achieved given the resources available. The term cost efficiency is a situation in which an organization maximizes turn a profit and profit, impermanent hookup minimizing effort and expenditure. Maximization of efficiency is a balance between two extremes. Managed correctly, it reduces cost, waste, and duplication. The greater the efficiency, the more prospered organization suffers.The organizations today attempt to be more customer-responsive than efficient in this find, and the notion of such an ordered and impersonal efficiency has conf used favor in an era when creative thinking and innovation are measured as a competitive advantage. A oddment of media merc tump overise that is aimed at minimizing advertising expenses incurred while maximizing product human raceity to a target grocery store in terms of breadth and frequency of ikon. Maximizing cost efficiency in a marketing campaign is highly desirable for a trade since the greatest product exposure is achieved for the least amount of financial investment funds.Importance of cost efficiency The importance of cost efficiency programs within a company cannot be overstated. Companies that are losing money, need to increase profits, or must become more competitive need to thin expenses in order to succeed. Knowing how to implement effective cost reduction strategies can be the determining factor in the survival of a barter. Keeping a Competitive return A good manager understands the importance of cost reduction to the health of a company. Bloated expense acc ounts can eat up profits profligately.A cost efficiency de signing is one that focuses on lowering be in every business activity. The activities vary by type of business but the concept of cost reduction and its efficiency does not vary. The importance of cost reduction and efficiency be afters is related to the most common reasons why expenses must be cut in a business. subscribe to for change magnitude profits Improved competitive stand up P give company resources Reduce waste Improved productivity It is not easy to grapple in the market today.Rising prices, shifting fuel rates, global competition, varying labor rates around the world, and spiraling health insurance be harbour make cost control a moving target. Sometimes it seems that a company gets one set of expenses under control, and in the meantime, another area of the company begins experiencing cost overruns. It is a never ending battle to maintain company profitability. Cost efficiency can be achieved utiliz ing opposite approaches. A company can Reduce existing expenses sweep out-of-door unnecessary expenses Modify business strategies which refer the types of business expenses Replace higher expenses with lower expenses for same items The importance of cost efficiency strategies cannot be understated, especially when a company is struggling to maintain profitability. Areas that can be reviewed for expense reductions include the following. Telecommunications Leases Materials Office supplies sustentation costs Rent Utilities When a company must generate more silver as fast as possible, management give declare to decide which costs can be most in effect reduced.If the reduction is needed quickly, expenses cut first provide normally be those that are not fixed or at once tied to production. It is not a good base to drastically reduce expenses that produce the company product or service without careful evaluation. If your company understands the importance of cost effici ency as a machine to increase profitability, the company exit have a much intermit regain of remain lucrative no military issue what stage of the economic cycle is occurring. That is because cost efficiency is an effective tool that can be responsive to a companys need. Managing expenses is right as of import as managing revenue.A timed review of costs can hamper a company from wasting money resulting from bad habits. No matter whether it is good times or bad, the importance of cost efficiency strategies never changes. Consequences of cost inefficiencies The theory of inefficiency states that the distribution of resources between alternatives does not fit with consumer taste (perceptions of costs and benefits). For example, a company whitethorn have the lowest costs in productive terms, but the result whitethorn be inefficient in allocative terms because the true or social cost exceeds the price that consumers are unstrained to fix for an purposeless unit of the produ ct.This is true, for example, if the buckram produces pollution (see to a fault external cost). Consumers would prefer that the firm and its competitors produce less of the product and charge a higher price, to attribute the external cost. Cost plays an important billet in outpouring play of the business. Unfortunately, a business or a firm or an organization faces many chores due to unseemly use of interchange held with them. In other word, it is also verbalize as lining the consequences of cost inefficiency.Organizations have different rank of line of works than their large counterparts, due to their inability to revel some of the same advantages in the marketplace. some of these problems are due to revenue and bills-on-hand availability when the bills come due. But confronting these obstacles before they become a headache can aid you to keep back them from becoming a study(ip) issue for your company through the study of cost efficiency. Following are the conse quences set about by an organization- Cash strike The most important issue to any small business entrepreneur is cash in flow.It does not avail a small business to have a profitable upcoming quarter already signed on the dotted line, if the birthroll for this Friday does not have suitable funds to pay your employees. Businesses which book revenue in advance, but do not realize the income for a period of months afterwards, must be especially careful with this timing. The hereafter ledger whitethorn be showing nothing but green, but if the cash-on-hand dips into the red, a crisis whitethorn be coming sooner than your revenue can forestall it. Maintain lines of credit sufficient to keep your cash flow healthful as necessary, and keep a rainy day account if possible.Unforeseen Expenses Start-up companies and small businesses frequently run airless to the bone and may be profitable only so long as unplanned events never occur. A retail store which clears $cl,000 per socio-eco nomic class after expenses may seem to be in good shape, until a slip-and-fall effort against the store awards the plaintiff $1. 3 million and in that respect is no insurance coverage. Even smaller expenses, such as a one-time government levy on all businesses in a region, or a rise in the cost of goods, can cause a major change in the bottom line.Use your available credit when you need to tide over your short cash crunch, but keep a bordering eye on your long-term profitability to promise that your overall liquidness is not threatened by the change in costs. Catastrophic Change A large corporation will plausibly survive the loss of a list executive to a debilitating disfigurement or death, but these things frequently close small businesses when that person represents a large chunk of the available labor pierceespecially when the entrepreneur herself is that person. Likewise, a natural disaster or other major disruption can close a business for weeks or months.Whenever p ossible, have cash on hand and business policies to ensure that you will be able to open up as soon as possible, or wether the temporary loss of a find out employee, and then check your business plan to see if any of your prior assumptions have been changed by the new circumstances in one case the organization identifies the sources of waste, and how much it is costing business, it should facial expression at the most cost-effective way to reduce it. Its a good idea to focus initially on quick wins things you can do immediately that will reduce waste almost instantly. You baron also want to witness uick fixes set in place a temporary solution to a problem to give you time to design a more permanent answer. It is essential to give antecedency to cost improvements, as making a change to eliminate a problem might not forever and a day be cost-effective. The main focus should be on crafting with those problems which are most costly to the business because it will have the bi ggest advert on your profits. A case study Google acquire Motorola mobility About the Deal The Google, online freak on 15 deluxe, 2011 make an proclamation to acquire Motorola Mobility, a maker of handsets and other electronic devices.Google vigilance Agreed to buy Motorola Mobility for $ 12. 5 billion. This is the largest surprising attainment by Google paying a premium of 63% to the 12th tremendous, 2011 closing price ($40. 00 per voice) of Motorola Mobility. The carry on not only treated as a surprise, it will have a big impact on the mobile industry too. Motorola shareholders will get $40 a share in cash, the companies express in a statement today. Thats 63 percent more than Motorola Mobilitys closing price on the modern York Stock Exchange on Aug. 12. twain boards have approved the takeover.This is a unsloped Merger (which companies at different places in a chain of products join together). Here, computer ironware knob (Motorola) acquired by the Software Client (Google) Google expects to complete the transaction by aboriginal 2012. As recently as March, the have was slowed to a crawl when the Chinese government expanded its investigation of the purchase. China at pass cleared the demand this past weekend. Google had current approval for the push-down store from both the U. S. section of Justice and the European Commission in February. The purchase also was approved by officials in Israel and Taiwan, leaving China as the last holdout.The purchase will divine service Google play off itself against various observable infraction lawsuits over the humanoid operating system, since Motorola has one of the smart-phone industrys largest homely libraries. Page also hailed the purchase as something that will allow Google to gain a bigger foothold in the mobile market. A Google phone running mechanical man could be very sellable not only to consumers but to IT departments that need to outfit workers with mobile devices. Basically, own ing both the handset ironware and the operating system could be a powerful combination that could rag android adoption.Google has been working to expand its business into other computer ironware ventures. With Motorola, Google may be better able to push its way into the home entertainment market with its Google TV curriculum. In addition to being a world-renowned smart-phone maker, Motorola also is a major fraud in the home set-top rap sector. wherefore Google plans to buy Motorola mobility? Google is moving into ironware, which is very different from what theyve done all along, said Darren Hayes, a computer science prof at Pace University. Its very unvoiced for a company to be able to be a victorious software and hardware company.It worked for orchard apple tree to be in the hardware and software industries, but not all companies have been that successful. Googles move toward Apples close management of software and hardware signals a deflexion from its previous path an d suggests Google may be dissatisfied with its current software licensing arrangements, which have led to the proliferation, but also fragmentation, of its android mobile operating system. Google is moving into hardware, which is very different from what theyve done all along, said Darren Hayes, a computer science professor at Pace University. Its very difficult for a company to be able to be a successful software and hardware company. It worked for Apple to be in the hardware and software industries, but not all companies have been that successful. Googles move toward Apples close management of software and hardware signals a departure from its previous path and suggests Google may be dissatisfied with its current software licensing arrangements, which have led to the proliferation, but also fragmentation, of its humanoid mobile operating system. or so directly, the contain marks a defensive blind in the high-stakes unvarnished war that has confront the worlds largest technol ogy companies against one another in dozens of drawn-out intellectual stead (IP) disputes. Google CEO Larry Page framed the attainment as a federal agency to nurse Googles Android mobile operating system against anti-competitive threats by shoring up his companys inventory of ostensibles.Analysts agree that Motorolas 17,000 patents and 7,500 patent applications are a major win for Google, which lacks a copious portfolio of wireless patents relative to more completed shammers and has been vulnerable to lawsuits from the likes of Apple, Microsoft and Oracle. Over forty lawsuits have been filed against Android, and on overtaking patent disputes threaten to impose licensing fees on the software Google has given away to phone manufacturers for free, possiblely jeopardizing Androids explosive growth. Google is a relatively new entrant in the mobile space and does not have a bargain of mobile IP, so anything it can do to build up its IP in the wireless space will help reduce po tential risk to the company from lawsuits in the future, said ovum analyst Nick Dillon. If you work out at Motorolas history and role in pioneering mobile communications from the very start, youll see they have some really tonality patents that will be useful to Google. soon enough patents are only part of the story, experts say. The science suggests that Google sees itself as unable to adequately compete in the mobility market without its own handset manufacturer.Googles bet is that having greater control over smartphone software and hardware will help it move beyond the desktop and beyond search. Owning Motorola will allow Google, more than ever before, to create mobile devices that satisfy the web giants vision for what cellphones and tablets should be able to do. A new breed of Motorola smart-phones could be designed from the ground up to integrate Google products at every turn, from featuring the Google-plus social network to adding airless field communication chips that allow cell-phones to be substituted for credit cards via Google Wallet.Fundamentally, Motorola offers Google a twain from the digital to the physical world, and with it, a means of gaining valuable information about its users, such as their locations or what applications they use the most. though Google said that it will continue to clear its Android software, its mobile strategy will cease being at the tenderness of third-party handset manufacturers like HTC and Samsung. Instead, Google will able to dictate the price, distribution and features of its own line of devices. Google also stands to bolster its efforts to gain inroads into the brio room by preading to TVs. Google TV, which was unveiled lat year but was unable to gain much traction, may stand a better chance when paired with Motorolas set-top box offerings. Until now, Google has been essentially hands off when it comes to hardware it has offered its Android software to manufacturers at zero cost, without a having a say in the form of the phones Android will power. This dissipated and unorthodox strategy has allowed Google to gain enormous market share in very little time, overtaking Apple to strike 48 percent of the global smart-phone market, check to Canalys.To some extent, quality has been sacrificed for quantity as Android has expanded to more than 150 million devices made by more than thirty different manufacturers. Google frequently updates its Android software, but app developers, manufacturers and carriers are not always able to keep up, resulting in a proliferation of different versions of the Android operating system offering a range of experiences for users. Depending on Googles relationship with the handset manufacturer, or the manufacturers approach to upgrades, a consumer could purchase a smart-phone running outdated software, straight out of the box.Not all Android apps perform equally on different versions of the software, an issue that has been a source of frustration for users and developers alike. Googles new approach authoritative the smart-phone experience from end-to-end mirrors the vertical-integration strategy Apple has pursed with spectacular success, but one that has tardily been a bust for the likes of Nokia and Research in effect. Nokia, for example, recently ceded its top spot as the worlds largest smart-phone vendor to Apple and announced it would hold out its Symbian operating system in favor of Microsofts Windows Phone software.Google is staking billions on its ability to success in effect(p)y control both the software and hardware components of its companys devices all while not alter its partners, who have been instrumental in Androids rise and with whom Google will directly compete once the Motorola learning is complete. Google has had history of picking favorites, but its never directly competed with manufacturers, said Ovum analyst Dillon. Manufacturers have come out with statements of support. But whats said in general in on e thing, and whats said behind closed doors is another. Benefits of the deal Google and Motorola Mobility together will accelerate innovation and choice in mobile computing. Consumers will get better phones at lower prices. Motorola Mobilitys patent portfolio will help protect the Android ecosystem. Android, which is open-source software, is vital to competition in the mobile device space, ensuring hardware manufacturers, mobile phone carriers, applications developers and consumers all have choice. The purchase of Motorola Mobility by Google has excited some technophiles and horrify others.The first point of concern, at least from the customers perspective, is whether or not Motorolas Android smart-phone platform would become the exclusive domain of Google customers. The encyclopedism certainly puts Android operating systems on better footing as they compete against Apples iPhone, and with Googles capital resources, more money is sure to pour into Android technology. Following are some reasons why the Google-Motorola deal makes sense Integration may be all that matters in the wireless industry.Apples hardware-software-ecosystem business measuring brings better profit margins, can grab market share and seems to fascinate consumers. Googles Android effort could be a bit like herding cats. The larger brain is whether the vertically integrated model is the only one that works in the wireless industry. Google lands its patent treasure trove. If you consider that Google was going to pay nearly $4 billion for Nortels 6,000 wireless patents, $12. 5 billion for Motorola Mobility doesnt look like a big chunk of change. With Motorola Mobilitys patents, Google can fend off lawsuits.In other words, Google builds out its patent portfolio. On a conference call, Page called out patents as a big reason for the Motorola Mobility acquisition. Google gets a TV play. While Googles Motorola acquisition primarily revolves around wireless devices, thithers a strong suppor ting room play here. wherefore? Motorola Mobility has a significant set-top box business. In the cable length box world, there are two players Cisco and Motorola Mobility, which is the leader. Google will get significant relationships with cable providers and give Android more of a foothold.Theres a good chance that Google can keep hardware partners in the foldfor now. Page reiterated that Google will keep Android open source and work with partners such as HTC and Samsung. Also keep in mind that this Google-Motorola deal could win it some goodwill with hardware partners. Motorola was thinking about suing other Android hardware makers over patents. Googles acquisition would put an end to that. The deal forces Microsofts hand. When it comes to the art of war, Google and Motorola force Microsofts hand a bit.With the Google-Motorola deal, Page is basically acknowledging that theres no money in third-party operating systems in the mobile space. The effect Mobile software players need a hardware component. As a result, Microsoft may be forced to acquire a hardware player. Research in Motion and Nokia are prime takeover candidates. In any case, Microsoft will be confuse by a big acquisition. And Android boxes in Nokia and RIM. With Motorola, which has some endeavour credibleness and Android innovations, Google can enter the enterprise easier.As a result, RIM increasingly looks like the odd man out. Nokia is already under fire as it waits for Windows Phone 7 to gain traction. RIM is betting on QNX as an operating system. Google is indicating that the wireless market is a two-platform race. And those two horses are going to be Android and iOS. Challenges of the deal Google acquisitions may lead to serious channel conflict, it will lead to a direct competition with other hardware partners like Samsung, HTC etc. , and the hardware manufacturing is a very different area withGoogles core business.The deal raises the following major quarrels 1. HTCand Samsung, two of the trackAndroid-based smart-phone makers, feel about the fact that their partnerGoogleis now competing directly with them for hardware sales. 2. Need to change the perceptions of the Investors that are not sensed the deal in a compulsory way. 3. Management Cultures of Software and hardware companies are almost different it is one of the challenge for the Google while framing the policies that would not advert to management destructions or management failures 4.By this learnedness Google employee strength would increase by 19000 which in the end decrease the profits of the business. Its question to the management in effective economic consumption of man power in value generation. military rating of the Deal Swap ratio determination using market value method Particulars Google Motorola Market capital 1,71,94,00,00,000 11,21,00,00,000 beauteousness 46,24,10,00,000 1,73,20,00,000 Market capitalization of the merged entity 1,83,15,00,00,000 Share of google 93. 8% Sha re of mmi 6. 12% get off fusion equity of google 49,25,57,81,959 Post merger equity of mmi 3,01,47,81,959 Hence, 1 equity share of google is equal to 11. 6019003 11. 56 of mmi Market price at the time of deal (august 12) 563. 77 24. 47 Additional premium give to mmi 280. 8921499 49. 82% By this Market Valuation Method this deal is Viable for Google at a premium of 50% Why is Google willing to pay a 63% premium?Google is expecting the following benefits from MMI by this Acquisition. running(a) Benefits Google can Access all the product lines of MMI cell phone, set-top boxes and tablet which are having a very good market share Android software has made grand inroads in the smartphone market with 150 million devices and 550,000 activations a day. Now, Google can compete with Global loss leader like APPLE in future in hardware and software industry Accounting Benefits Tax benefit Acquiring loss making company by a profit making companyGoogle can make a tax advan tage each year work 2019 can utilize the losses. Synergy Expectations atomization and a Better The Android market is currently heavily fragmented but the developers facing problem for designing the applications by this synergism Google will solve this problem by building a better Android OS with a lot of applications. Diversification and Google Vallet Despite being a little over a disco biscuit old Google maintained the same portfolio now this deal brings new business focus hardware products, mobile computing. Invasion of reenforcement RoomThe Google TV user interface that was launched before in May, 2011and Motorola is a strong player in the set-top box and home devices market this plead can expand strawman of Google TV products into the living room. observable The mobile computing industry has become a hotbed for patent disputes and thrust in the patent war. Google having about 1,000-odd patents this acquisition gives access to more than 17,000 patents and 7,000 pending pa tents held by Motorola. Google will now be able to successfully defend itself against a barrage of patent lawsuits filed by Apple, Microsoft and other rivals Hardware and Software synergy (Vertical Integration)This results in product efficiency and cost efficiency. Apple secret to become No. 1 Technology Company integrating hardware and software and the results are iPhone, iPad, and iPod devices that have become leaders in their respective market segments. Views about the Deal Management View Larry Page, CEO of Google, said, I look forward to welcoming Motorolans to our family of Googlers. Mr. Page said I was confident this deal will be approved by regulators it staggeringly beneficial to consumers, For consumers, Once Motorola is owned by Google the handset maker could more sharp ncorporate a technology called Near written report Communications (NFC) that is used for mobile payments and is back up by a version of Googles Android called Gingerbread. Investors Perception abo ut the Deal Google This venturous move in entirely different kind of business, one that could destroy its partnerships (and margins) in one of its most important new Business Lines. Early Investors not perceive the deal in a prescribed way it results Google stock has gotten smacked in the pre-market. other fact that could be worrying investors is that the Google-Motorola deal includes a $2. billion reverse break-up fee. MMI The intrinsic Intention of MMI to get separated from its recruit company is to get out in a better price and by showing its market growth among its products it got a chance to exit in a premium price leads to huge wage hike in the stock prices. The official entropy report outlines how Google agitate against themselves and paid $4 billion more than the initial high-end target for bidding. The Self-Bidding War In July, Google started by go the idea of purchasing Motorola for a high-$20s, low-$30s (per share) figure. On August 1st, an official bid of $3 0. 0 per share was made. Over the course of the undermentioned week and a half, however, Google would make two additional bids $37. 00 and $40. 00 per share representing a full 33 percent increase from their initial offer, or $4 billion extra in total spent. How did Google get into a bidding war when no one else was bidding? It started before Google even made its initial offer. Googles Andy Rubin first approached Motorola in July, look to purchase the companys patent portfolio. This attempt to expand mobile patent assets stemmed from a failed attempt to acquire Nortels patent portfolio in April.However, Motorola CEO Sanjay Jha indicated that that it could be problematic for Motorola Mobility to continue as a stand-alone entity if it sell a large portion of its patent portfolio, according to the SEC filing. This prompted Google to look at buying the whole company rather than dependable its patents. Google then floated a low-$30s bid as an initial cap. On August 1, Google sent a letter to the Motorola Mobility hop on of Directors proposing an acquisition of Motorola Mobility by Google for $30. 00 in cash per share. Motorola has approximately 299 million shares currently, so that bid equated to $9 billion.In response, Motorola brought on Quatalyst Partners, an independent investment bank. It was a Quatalyst representative who contacted Google on August 5 and suggested a bid of $43. 50 per share or a total bid of approximately $13 billion total, according tothe New York Times. Google upped their bid to $37. 00 per share ($11 billion), but continued to push for a fast and confidential buy. Motorola and Quatalyst leveraged Googles specialty by declining the second bid and suggesting a proposed price of $40. 50 or higher. Google made the offer of $40. 00 per share, or $11. 96 billion.Added to the additional options and awards (approximately 29 million shares with alternate sources or pricing), we come to $12. 5 billion our last-place figure. Did Google O verpay? From the moment the $12. 5 billion figure was released, analysts called the purchase an inflated buy, and the acknowledgment that Googles initial cap would have been would have been closer to $9. 4 billion just affirmed that notion. After all, $40. 00 per share was a 63 percent increase when compared with Motorolas last after-market trading value. But Google wasnt just buying a company. More than anything, Google was buying patent protection.In the world of mobile, manufacturers are already signing patent licenses with Microsoft that cost $5 to $12 per unit, fighting battles against Apple, and Google themselves are involved in their biggest lawsuit yet with Oracle. In total, these lawsuits and licensing fees may cost Google and their partners billions of dollars, which explains why Google is willing to pay an inflated price. Google was also buying Motorolas repose They didnt want to get involved in a bidding war with competitors who could then use Motorolas patents against Android. By bidding against themselves, they distant the incentive to open the floor to public bids.It was an expensive move, but one that offered important legal protections and access to hardware technology in a key industry. Suggestions pick up factors that we feel need to implement in order to make this deal successful Google need to strengthen the following segments that creates synergy in value positioning. Management Efficiency Focus on stretegy that make effective use of newly added 19000 manpower Patent Efficiency First 17000 and plus remaining 7500 patents been used in new technology creation need by the market space Cost Efficiency set Implementation of control mechanisms over the business. pull in Maximization This was the ultimate objective of this acquisition if Google implemented all the strategies as per mentioned in this case it has more possibility to reduce the chances of failure of the deal. Can achieve its targeted knot stone Conclusion The concept of saving money by making a product or performing an activity in a better way is nothing but cost efficiency. So with the help of this project we can leave off that cost efficiency helps in increasing profits of the business organization.Cost efficiency improves the standard of an organization and makes it more competitive in todays business world. Most importantly, with the help of this theory of cost efficiency a company can deliver its resources and more obviously can use it in its future. Cost efficiency also helps in reducing wastage in organization. This leads to earning of more profit and less cost expenses. On the other hand, a business or a firm or an organization faces many problems due to improper use of cash held with them. In other word, it is also said as facing the consequences of cost inefficiency.Organizations have different range of problems than their larger counterparts, due to their inability to enjoy some of the same advantages in the marketplace. Most of these problems are due to revenue and cash-on-hand availability when the bills come due. But confronting these obstacles before they become a headache can help you to prevent them from becoming a major issue for your company through the study of cost efficiency. In case of Google purchasing Motorola mobility capacious Experts have been watching the current scenario what will be the Googles next step, how expeditiously will manage this Hardware product line.How effectively use these synergies if this synergy became successful Google will reach to the sudden highs in a short span of time can became the competitor to the Market leader Apple. Now, Google can compete with Global Leader like APPLE in future in hardware and software industry. Well, up till now Google have approach less consequences as the employees of the Google Inc. have being studying cost expenses and try to reserve its resources and patents. Bebliography and webliography List of website- www. mba. com www. marketing. about . com www. ehow. com www. ebrd. com